Conduct Disorder Symptoms in Children | Cadabam’s CDC
If you’re a parent noticing persistent defiance, aggression, or rule-breaking that goes beyond typical childhood mischief, understanding conduct disorder symptoms is the first step toward getting the right help. At Cadabams CDC, we specialise in child mental health and have supported thousands of families across India since 1992. This guide explains the signs, causes, and proven treatments—so you can feel informed, supported, and hopeful about your child’s future.
What Is Conduct Disorder?
Definition in Simple Terms
Conduct Disorder (CD) is a serious behavioural and emotional condition in which a child repeatedly violates the basic rights of others and age-appropriate societal norms. Unlike occasional outbursts, these behaviours are persistent, severe, and impact daily life at home, school, and in the community.
How Common Is Conduct Disorder in Children?
- Prevalence: 2-10 % of school-aged children globally; slightly higher in boys than girls.
- Onset: Typically emerges between ages 6-16; early onset (before age 10) often predicts greater severity.
- In India: Studies show 3-8 % prevalence, with urban areas reporting higher rates due to increased stressors.
Core Symptoms of Conduct Disorder to Watch For
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-5) groups conduct disorder symptoms into four key categories. A child needs to display at least three criteria in the past 12 months (one within the last 6 months) for diagnosis.
Aggressive Behaviour Toward Others
- Bullying, threatening, or intimidating peers.
- Physical fights or using weapons (sticks, stones, etc.).
- Cruelty to animals or people; may seem to lack remorse.
Destructive Acts Against Property
- Deliberate fire-setting or vandalism.
- Breaking furniture, windows, or school property on purpose.
Deceitfulness or Theft
- Lying to obtain goods or favours (“My mom said I could take this”).
- Breaking into homes, cars, or shops (with or without others).
- Shoplifting items they don’t necessarily need.
Serious Violations of Rules
- Staying out at night before age 13 despite parental rules.
- Running away from home overnight at least twice.
- Frequent truancy from school starting before age 13.
Parent Tip: Track behaviours in a simple diary or app. Patterns help clinicians differentiate CD from oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) or ADHD impulsivity.
Causes & Risk Factors Behind Conduct Disorder
No single factor causes CD; risk piles up like bricks. Understanding these influences empowers parents to reduce future stressors.
Biological & Genetic Influences
- Family history: Higher risk if a biological parent has CD, ADHD, or antisocial personality traits.
- Neurochemistry: Low serotonin and abnormal cortisol responses linked to aggression.
- Brain differences: Imaging shows reduced activity in areas controlling impulse regulation.
Environmental Triggers at Home & School
- Harsh or inconsistent discipline—alternating between permissive and punitive.
- Exposure to domestic violence or substance abuse at home.
- Peer rejection and academic failure reinforce negative self-image.
Co-occurring Mental Health Disorders
- ADHD: 30-50 % of children with CD also have ADHD, worsening impulsivity.
- Anxiety & Depression: Often masked by disruptive behaviours.
- Learning disabilities: Undiagnosed reading or math difficulties increase frustration.
How Is Conduct Disorder Diagnosed?
Step-by-Step Diagnostic Process at Cadabam’s CDC
- Intake Call: A 15-minute phone screening to clarify concerns and book an appointment.
- Multi-informant Questionnaires: Parents, teachers, and child complete standardised tools (e.g., Conners, SDQ).
- Clinical Interview: Our child psychologists observe play, conversation, and interaction with caregivers.
- Rule-out Checks: Medical exam to exclude thyroid issues, hearing problems, or substance use in teens.
- Feedback Session: Within a week, receive a clear diagnosis and personalised treatment roadmap.
What to Expect During the Child Assessment
- Duration: 90–120 minutes, split over one or two visits to avoid fatigue.
- Environment: Bright, play-friendly rooms with toys and art materials to reduce anxiety.
- Parent Involvement: You stay present for parts of the session; we explain each step so there are no surprises.
Evidence-Based Treatment Options
Early, intensive intervention improves long-term outcomes. At Cadabams CDC, we combine parent training, therapy, and school collaboration.
Behavioural Parent Training
- 8–12 weekly sessions teaching consistent, positive discipline strategies.
- Real-life practice: Role-play handling tantrums or refusal to follow instructions.
- 24/7 support line: Speak to your assigned therapist for urgent guidance between sessions.
Individual & Group Cognitive-Behaviour Therapy
- Coping skills modules: Anger management, problem-solving, and empathy training.
- Peer groups: Age-matched cohorts (8–12 yrs, 13–16 yrs) to practise social skills in a safe setting.
- Goal tracking: Weekly self-monitoring sheets celebrate small wins—reducing fights from 5 to 2 per week.
School Collaboration & Social Skills Training
- Teacher workshops: Educate staff on classroom strategies (clear rules, immediate feedback).
- Individualised Education Plan (IEP): Adjust workload or seating to reduce triggers.
- Playground programmes: Trained aides facilitate cooperative games that foster friendships.
Prognosis & Long-Term Outlook
Factors That Improve Recovery
- Early onset of treatment (before age 12).
- Stable, warm caregiving even when limits are firm.
- Continued school engagement—attendance > 85 % predicts better adjustment.
When to Seek Re-Evaluation
- Return of severe symptoms after 6 months of stability.
- New stressors such as parental divorce or bullying.
- Transition points: Moving from primary to secondary school or after board exams.